T.E. Hulme--Romanticism
and Classicism
Romanticism is spilt religion.
Two views of Human nature:
1) Romanticism: Man, the individual, is an infinite resevoir
of possibilities; and if you can so rearrange society by the
destruction of oppressive order then these possibilities will
have a chance and you will get progress.
2) Classicism: Man is an extraordinarily fixed and
limited animal whose nature is absolutely constant. It is only
by tradition and organization that anything decent can be got
out of him.
Man's primary need is not knowledge but action.
Intellect and perception select out--from the Kantian
"sensuous manifold"--for presentation only that which
is necessary to be understood in order that it may be acted
upon.
The artist is the man who is born detached from the necessities
of action.
The artist picks out of reality something which we have been
unable to see ourselves.
*
Hulme
hates Romanticism.
Hulme
defines Romanticism in this way: "Here is the root of
all romanticism: that man, the individual, is an infinite
resevoir of possibilities; and if you can so rearrange
society by the destruction of oppressive order then these
possibilities will have a chance and you will get
progress." Classicism is precisely the opposite:
"Man is an extraordinarily fixed and limited animal
whose nature is absolutely constant. It is only by tradition and
organization that anything decent can be got out of him."
Hulme calls
Romanticism "spilt religion." Romantics
"must always be talking about the infinite." They get
carried away with "metaphors of flight," and a
"certain pitch of rhetoric which . . . [is] a little
highfalutin." Classicism, on the other hand, "never
forgets this finiteness, this limit of man. He remembers always
that he is mixed up with the earth. He may jump, but he always
returns back; he never flies away into the circumambient
gas."
Hulme objects to
the notion that one may view art in a manner detached from the
spirit of the age: "Your opinion is almost entirely of
the literary history that came just before you, and you are
governed by that whatever you may think." He uses
Spinoza's example of a stone falling to the ground. It might--if
it had a mind--think it were falling of its own accord, but it
isn't. We are in a similar position of determination by outside
forces when it comes to our aesthetic judgements.
While Hulme
insists that "romanticism is dead in reality," he
acknowledges that "the critical attitude appropriate to it
still exists." The romantic spirit of Wordsworth's
"emotion recollected in tranquillity" is probably the
spirit in which most non-academics read poetry (when they do)
today.
Bergson's Theory of Art
"Man's
primary need is not knowledge but action."
Therefore, his intellect and perception select out--from
the Kantian "sensuous manifold"--for presentation
only that which is necessary to be understood in order that it
may be acted upon. This "veil which action
interposes" prevents us from coming into "direct
contact with sense and consciousness." "The artist
is the man . . . who . . . is born detached from the necessities
of action." The artist "picks out of reality
something which we . . . . have been unable to see
ourselves." |